Neuromorphic Engineering

Neuromorphic engineering is the construction of devices that process information in a manner similar to a brain - often in an analogue manner.

It was invented by Carver Mead at Cal Tech 20 years ago.

These are a few links to get you started:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromorphic

http://www.iguana-robotics.com/index.htm

http://www.ine-web.org/